Telecommunications of International Travel Essay Sample free essay sample

Travel is the motion of people from one location to another. There are seven major grounds why people travel. These are for touristry. sing relations and friends. carry oning concern or trade. go toing maps. presenting objects. migration and pilgrims journeies. Tourism is considered as a recreational type of travel where historical or culturally of import locations are explored by traveling topographic points. Visiting relations and friends are a common behaviour for people that are populating or working far apart. Travel is sometimes a demand for concerns or trade since the exchange of stuffs and resources are usually undertaken to make full the demand for these goods in different locations. Work and meetings by and large implies theodolite since there is a demand to congregate people and maps to accomplish specific ends. Migration implies pull outing a individual or a household from one state to be able to settle in another piece pilgrims journeies are journeys to topographic point s associated to spiritual patterns or beliefs ( Massey et. We will write a custom essay sample on Telecommunications of International Travel Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Al. . 2005 ) . In 2005. people who traveled for touristry intents exceeded 800 million which is 42 million more than in 2004. Of the 42 million travellers. 18 million were in the European continent. 11 M in the Pacific part. 7 M in the Americas. 3 M in the African continent and 2 M in Middle East states. These contributed to an overall 5. 5 % addition of travellers around the universe in the touristry sector. This tendency was attributed to the handiness of lowered airfares and go oning addition in the demand for vacations ( UNWTO. 2006 ) . Business travel is categorized in four categories. These are meetings. business-related leisure. conferences and trade expoundings. Recent alterations in the planetary economic system are impacting concern travellers with the prominence of long-haul plane and train service. Business travel is seen to be dropping from the current 2. 4 per hebdomad to 2 in the close hereafter due to the displacement towards for economical and efficient avenues such as teleconferencing and video-conferencing ( Olson. 1983 ) . Human migration predates civilisations and continues to happen throughout human history. Immigration refers to motion of people with deductions on a long-run lasting abode while labour migration is considered seasonal but is besides a signifier of in-migration. One hundred 90 million international migrators were estimated by the United Nations in 2005. This figure is approximately 3 % of the entire population of the universe. The remainder or 97 % of the universe population are sedentary and did non go forth their original states or nation-states for that same twelvemonth. Causes of migration are variable and these include poorness and hunt for better pay rates. natural catastrophes. work or spiritual grounds. political and racial persecution. diplomatic service. instruction and retirement ( Massey. 2005 ) . Telecommunications â€Å"Telecommunications is an electronic agencies of accomplishing interactions. traffics. and other personal businesss that constitute human activities such as conversations. conferences. direction. aid. sharing. trade. and doing contracts through the usage of telephone. mail. cyberspace and other signifiers of message conveyance. Telecommunications can be considered as a transit of information† ( Salomon A ; Schofer. 1991 ) . Advanced telecommunications may besides include hive awaying. change overing. adding value to. screening. and obtaining information. The importance of advanced telecommunications transcends the straightforward conductivity of an electromagnetic signal. The transit of information through the implements of telecommunications may be facilitated in the transmutation from physical formats such as paperss or recordings. It besides indicates that information that is being carried in transit vehicles could be carried in the same mode as through telecommunications channels ( Niles. 1994 ) . Telecommunications volume is composed of electronic and optical information cyclosis and has been touted as agencies for cut downing travel by transporting information electromagnetically over wires and through signals alternatively of transporting people and paperss in vehicles ( Mokhtarian. 1990 ) . Telecommunications of International Travel Communication can be categorized into three major types. each asking some extent of travel to take topographic point. First is face-to-face communicating. which involves rider motion. Second is the passenger car of an object transporting information such a study. papers or discs. which involves cargo transportation or goods transit. Third is telecommunications. which involves the transit of signals over overseas telegrams or airwaves ( Mokhtarian. 1990 ) . In the seventiess. computing machines and information engineering crept and invaded the workplace. In add-on. the menace of energy crises in that decennary helped set on path the geographic expedition of telecommunication tools as options of cut downing travel. energy and fiscal branchings connected to it. In the following decennary. the focal point on bettering air quality and take downing urban jamming highlighted the demand for farther survey and application of these new engineerings coupled with the speed uping rate of progresss in information and communicating tools which include personal computing machines and fax machines. Another decennary came and a profuse proliferation of more advanced engineering was witnessed. This was 1990s and cellular phones. electronic mail. and the Internet became platitude and readily accepted as communicating channels in private. concern and authorities minutess ( Mokhtarian. 2003 ) . The effects of telecommunications engineerings on non-work international transit are really of import. Since non-work travel is usually more variable and independent than work travel. it is more unfastened to the influence of modern engineerings. Non-work travel is more flexible since there is increased assortment of pick of going clip. manner of transit. class. itinerary. finish and frequence while work-related travel is relatively more preset from the really start. Furthermore. non-work travel is on the rise compared to the diminution of work-related travel ( Salomon. 1986 ) . Tools for Telecommunication in International Travel Mobile phones permit calls to be made and received during international travel at sensible rates. and may besides offer coverage back at place. Some can besides allow one look into electronic mail and surf the Internet. whatever state a individual is in. Forty per centum of the populations of the United States and European states use nomadic telephones. Unfortunately most wireless phones provided in the United States use a system that is incompatible with telecommunications webs in other states. which can ensue to unexpected backdown for international travellers used to remaining in contact all the clip. Other options are available to contradict the effects of the abovementioned limitation for international travellers. First is purchasing a SIM card. which can be the best option for international travellers since it is one of the most convenient and cheapest options available. When a GSM phone is bought in the U. S. . an extra SIM card can besides be bought in other states that provi de a local Mobile phone figure. which can be inserted whenever a traveller is in that state. This option removes the demand to lease or purchase a new phone every clip a traveller is in another state. The 2nd option is purchasing a GSM phone with rolling capableness. This enables the traveller to retain the same nomadic phone figure even in other states. The disadvantage is the expensive call rates. The 3rd option is leasing a nomadic phone in international finishs. It may supply changeless and nomadic connectivity and lower call rates but this would intend another figure and returning the unit after several yearss or months. The 4th option is purchasing a nomadic phone in an international finish. All of the above advantages can be obtained together with the minus side of a new figure. This option is recommended for individuals who are be aftering to remain in a peculiar state for a long clip or has decided to settle in that new location ( Salomon A ; Schofer. 1991 ) . Aside from nomadic phones at that place besides electronic mail options. Most international travellers use e-mail and the Internet to pass on particularly for concern people. This is done through the usage of laptops or other appliances with Internet connectivity. Most hotels and conference locales besides provide these services as necessities in this sector. Furthermore. there is proliferation of Internet stores or coffeehouse in other states even in 3rd universe 1s. Most aeroplanes. airdromes and terminuss besides provide Internet connectivity that the international traveller can take advantage of ( Frew. 2000 ) . How Telecommunications Reduces Traffic Some telecommunications services result to information watercourses that were once conveyed by physical transit such as the usage of a facsimile that antecedently went through the aid of a courier or attending of an of import meeting by a delegate through teleconferencing alternatively of driving several stat mis across two metropoliss. There are legion ways that the transportation of information can be greatly cut down therefore extinguishing the demand for insistent motion of paperss such as in the instance of utilizing facsimile and electronic mail or people such as teleconferencing or doing phone calls. The degrees of demand for telecommunications alternatively of travel vary by propinquity or state of affairs ( Niles. 1984 ) . Telecommunications permits workers who would normally transpose from abode to a work topographic point to telecommute from a house or from a topographic point closer to abode. It allows informations to be sent in electronic province instead than in physical signifier such as a papers. It facilitates human communicating from distant countries instead than go to a specific meeting location ( Mokhtarian. 2003 ) . It makes possible the distribution to divide. single audience of communal events such as featuring. attractive forces. political. traditions. and other activities alternatively of necessitating the audience to congregate and witness a peculiar event ( Niles. 1984 ) . It facilitates aggregation of information from separate beginnings into a peculiar point through distant feeling alternatively of boring human observation. It helps travellers to be after more productive travel via distant research. understandings. and geographic expeditions of possible jobs. which makes existent trips unneeded. It enables consumers to buy points without traveling to a shop and at the same clip allows the motion of merchandises to jump the wholesale and retail distribution measure of selling ( Garrison. 1988 ) . Servicess and minutess that require travel can be accessed or provided through automatic systems such as electronic banking. Internet and telephone minutess. Travel can besides be reduced for household members since telecasting and Internet can supply most of amusement and socio-economic activities required. Besides. telecommunications can cut down figure the figure of vehicles through coordination of travellers who may choose to portion drives or program more efficient transit manners and paths ( Niles. 1984 ) . How Telecommunications Enhances Travel Telecommunications besides has an heightening consequence on travel by increasing the efficiency of transit systems through acceleration of information exchange among critical nodes and gateways. Telecommunications is ideally used to do transit and travel safer. more reliable. quicker and more prolific. This is achieved through the changeless entree and flexible applications of radio telephone services such as cellular phones. use of which has dramatically increased among travellers and other people involved in the transit sector ( Mokhtarian. 2003 ) . Information engineering. with all its applications and advantages. lowers the natural transit value thereby guaranting efficiency. answerability and adaptability. There is displacement toward an ineluctable integrating of telecommunications and travel as evidenced by applications of wireless. cellular phones. travel information systems. satellite Global Positioning Systems and the similar. Traffic systems doing usage of information gathered from long-standing traffic monitoring plans are besides being utilized to develop more efficient. drum sander and safer travel along complex main road systems that may besides ensue to the development of intelligent vehicle systems that can avoid terrible traffic breaks and commuter uncomfortableness. ( Niles and Toliver. 1992 ) . Telecommunications has four emerging constituents. These are telework. teleservices. teleprocess and telestructure. Telework represents telecommunications-enabled shamble of the locations of the workers. Telework encompasses telecommuting or a state of affairs where employees work at place alternatively of office locations. The prevalence of nomadic selling forces and suburban information processing services are illustrations of the outgrowth of telework. Teleservices is a telecommunications-enabled alteration on the locations where goods and services are brought to the clients. Examples of which are distance instruction. automatic Teller or hard currency machines. proviso of services over the phone like in the instance of consultancy. Teleservices are of import in the entire metropolis traffic crisis since these have a great impact on non-work travel forms. which consists of shopping and other consumer activities. Teleprocesses is composed of telecommunications-enabled trade. indust ry. logistics. economic sciences. and organisational procedures of corporations and of pudding stones. This is achieved through the usage of computing machine webs and other manners of informations interchange. This phenomenon creates clients. employee. and supplier transit. Telestructure: agencies telecommunications infrastructure such as intelligent edifices. computerized traffic direction. and the national populace controlled telephone connexions. It provides the skeleton for the three other phenomena of telecommunications ( Niles. 1994 ) . Substitution of International Travel with Telecommunications Due to the broad applications and maps of telecommunications. an at hand permutation of travel with telecommunications becomes ineluctable. Peoples associated in authorities. concern. touristry and other involvements have the ability and chance to impact a displacement toward greater usage of teleprocess that fundamentally entails increased dependance on telecommunications alternatively of transit. This starts in the integrating of telecommunications in the transit system and gradual displacement to telecommunications-oriented nature of travel ( Mokhtarian. 1990 ) . Travel riddance is merely an consequence of the purpose of modernizing services through the usage of more convenient and more efficient telecommunications solutions in stead of conveyance jobs. Added to this is the eventful lowering of value or monetary value of the said services because of the easiness and adaptability among travellers. Travels that are involved in authorities and concern activities are largely affected by this displacement chiefly because these are the marks for cost-cutting and efficiency attempts to supply better service or increase profitableness ( Niles. 1984 ) . Tourism and other related types of travel non inhibited by limitations on factors listed supra are in more flexible state of affairs with respects to the permutation of travel with telecommunications. While better telecommunications may heighten conveyance. amusement and other cultural wonders and may besides be delivered by telecommunications media therefore controling the demand for leisure travels. Therefore. this permutation has no unequivocal or predicted impact on touristry ( Garrison. 1989 ) . Expectations on Telecommunications of Travel Some experts predict the happening of either complementation or permutation of telecommunications to go. These state of affairss are bases on the premiss that engineering will go on to progress unabated. The steady input of more convenient and quicker manners of telecommunication lowers the necessity of international travel whether in concern or touristry. But there are besides outlooks on the lowering of the cost of international travel. This means that alternatively of permutation or complementation. there may even be competition. The two sides are bring forthing more attractive tools and options that were neer at that place earlier. Peoples are hence in a bind whether to use either of the two to accomplish their intent. One addition of telecommunications in the engineering and monetary value war is a loss for the transit services and frailty versa. But in all. the general form of convenience and lowered monetary value for the two services will besides connote addition of people wh o may be enticed to go endorsers or consumers with greater information and fiscal freedom people are sing with the economic growing in approaching old ages ( Niles. 1976 ) . On the other manus. if current tendencies continue in the hereafter. the existent monetary value of international will travel down or stay at a comparatively stable rate. In the instance of sudden addition in the cost of international travel caused by a great demand on the service. effects of geopolitical alterations and natural catastrophes. the permutation of telecommunications for the accomplishment of transit intents is clearly expected. It is non merely attractive in the economic and logistic point-of-view but besides in visible radiation of the current realisation for more environmentally friendly activities such as the decrease of nursery gases and energy preservation ( Mokhtarian. 2003 ) . Tourism has been the Jesus for the travel industry. International or world-renowned topographic points are pulling more and more tourers due chiefly through the aid of advanced telecommunications. Pictures of tourer attractive forces in Internet advertizements or viva-voce publicities through the usage of telephone services can merely add to the demand for travel for touristry. The universe is acquiring smaller for tourers with the add-on of flights to antecedently restricted parts. International travellers have the option of drawn-out holidaies or frequent jaunts due to the tremendous provender and ingestion of information in nomadic phones. telephones and the Internet. All factors considered. so. telecommunications and international travel were proven to hold risen together through many past technological developments. geopolitical events and natural and semisynthetic catastrophes. There is no compelling grounds at present to believe that bing and prospective events will well alter that correlativity. Mentions Clark. D. and K Unwin. ( 1981 ) . Telecommunications and travel: Potential impact in rural countries. Journal of Regional Surveies. Frew. Andrew J. ( 2000 ) . Publications and communications engineering research in the travel and touristry sphere: Position and way.Journal of Travel Research. Vol. 39. No. 2. 136-145. Garrison. William and Elizabeth Deakin. ( 1988 ) . Travel. work. and telecommunications: A position of the electronics revolution and its possible impacts. †Transportation Research A. Vol. 22A. No. 4. pp. 81-95 Jack M. Nilles. ( 1976 ) . Telecommunications-transportation trade-off: Options for tomorrow. . New York: John Wiley A ; Sons. Inc. Massey. D. S. . Arango. Joaquin. Graeme. Hugo. Kouaouci. Ali. Pellegrino. Adela and Taylor. J. Edward ( 2005 ) .Universes in Gesture: Understanding International Migration at the End of the Millennium. New York: Oxford. Mokhtarian. Patricia L. ( 1990 ) . A typology of relationships between telecommunications and transit. †Transportation ResearchVol. 24A. No. 3. pp. 231-242. Mokhtarian. P. L. . and I. Salomon. ( 1997 ) . Emerging travel forms: Do telecommunications do a difference? Resource Paper. Presented at the 8th Meeting of the International Association for Travel Behavior Research. Austin. Texas. Sept. 21–25. 1997. Mokhtarian. Patricia L. ( 2003 ) . Telecommunications and travel: The instance of complementarity.Journal of Industrial EcologyVolume 6. Number 2. Nile rivers. J. ( 1994 ) . Beyond teleworking: A new paradigm for the consequence of telecommunications on travel. Report No. DOE/ER-0626. U. S. Department of Energy. Offices of Energy Research. Retrieved April 2. 2007. from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. lbl. gov/ICSD/Niles. Nile rivers. John S. . and Paul A. Toliver. ( 1992 ) . IVHS engineering for bettering ridesharing.Proceedings of the Second Annual Conference of the Intelligent Vehicle Highway Society of America.May 1992. Olson. Margrethe H. ( 1983 ) . Remote office work: changing work forms in infinite and clip. Communicationss of the ACM. New York: ACM Press. Salomon. I. ( 1998 ) . Technological alteration and societal prediction: The instance of telecommuting as a travel replacement.Transportation ResearchVol. 6. No. 1/2. pp. 17–45. Salomon. I. ( 1986 ) . Telecommunications and travel relationships: A reappraisal.Transportation Research A( no. 3 ) : 223-38. Salomon. I. . and J. Schofer. ( 1991 ) . Transportation system and telecommunications costs: Some deductions of geographical graduated table.The Annals of Regional ScienceVol. 25. No. 1 United Nations World Tourism Organization. ( 2006 ) . International touristry up by 5. 5 % to 808 million reachings in 2005.World Tourism Barometer. Vol. 4 No. 1.

Marketing plan- Galaxy gear Essay Example

Marketing plan Marketing plan- Galaxy gear Essay Marketing plan- Galaxy gear Essay RESEARCH PROPOSAL Prepared for: Marketing Manager Subject: Yermegiyayev Azat Samsung Galaxy Gear Technology Company : Fast Furious Table of Contents INTRODUCTION Samsung is a multinational South Korean based conglomerate company that is best known for telecommunications and consumer electronics. It is headquartered in Samsung Town, Seoul. It is currently the largest Korean business conglomerate. Samsung is one of the leading smartphone manufacturers in the world, while also providing a long list of products and services including advertising, hospitality, construction entertainment, communications technology and much more. The company is currently researching new technology that can help users make the most of their smartphones. The aim of the study is to increase productivity and seamlessly incorporate Samsung technology into the everyday lives of users. We are looking in to new technologies that can be used as an accessory to promote the advancement of our smartphones system. Along with this, we want to know and understand the needs of our clients and how they respond to this type of development. This proposal has been prepared as a response to the current smartphone battle. Samsung has released new technology that partners with their latest high- nd smartphone. The Galaxy Note Ill, a successor of the popular Samsung Galaxy Note and Saumsung Galaxy Note II, now comes with a revolutionary new smartwatch that increases the effectivity of the smartphone (Treacy, 2013). The tagline Design Your Life, speaks to the users and potential users in saying that such a piece of technology can help them increase the productivity of their day with the Samsung effectiveness of the new Galaxy Gear Watch by looking into client attitude, awareness and use. This paper will look into the details of the Samsungs understanding of the esearch objectives, methodology, rational, and data processing, reporting as well as timeframe to achieve the results and to better improve the new technology in areas that it needs improvement. SITUATION ANALYSIS Samsung has recognized the new potential for major smartphone accessories as a new potential revenue scheme and understands the need for more research in terms of sales and customer response. This means that the company will have to find out how the public reacts to the release of such technology. This research project will look into the effectiveness of the Galaxy Gear Watch and ee how users accept and utilize this type of technology. The approach of the project will be to approach users who currently own a Galaxy Gear Watch as well as potential users who would like to get their hands on one. This would give the researchers an idea of how users see the watch along with the current appeal of this new technology and how it can help Samsung market future smartphones. The results for this study will provide insight on future demands for like technology of The Galaxy Gear Watch as well as the effectiveness of the device. SAMSUNG GALAXY GEAR WATCH The revolutionary new device called a smartwatch is on the list of things techie individuals are on the look-out for. These stylish and high-performance devices go beyond time keeping, and they have the functionality to help you get through your busy day. They can perform basic tasks that allow them to act as your personal assistant. Smartwatches are seen to take over the mobile world, allowing people to connect with their phone, check messages and so much more without having to take their smartphone out of their bag or their wallet. Samsung announced the release of the Samsung Galaxy Note Ill, shortly after releasing the Galaxy Note II. This model was probably one of the most highly anticipated smartphones to come out of Korea this year. Despite the short nine month interval between releasing new phones, the Note Ill was received very well. It is probably one of the most advanced smartphones in the world as of the moment, with its high speed, amazing display, sleek lines and excellent camera. Many critics have received this particular model well and have praised Samsung for their timing. However, the Samsung Galaxy Note Ill was released with a particular accessory also available. The Samsung Galaxy Gear Watch was marketed as an accessory for the Samsung Galaxy Note Ill. It has been said that the watch makes everyday tasks much easier. Although critics had mixed reviews before the actual release of the watch, no one quite new what to expect from the revolutionary device. Samsung claimed that the device was meant to make smartphone use easier. However, many users and potential users were still skeptical about this. As soon as the Samsung Galaxy Note Ill and the Samsung Galaxy Gear Watch were released, it was only a matter of days, or even hours before tech experts and self-proclaimed critics voiced out their opinions. public. Although a number of buyers did choose to get both the smartphone and the atch, despite the hefty cost of the Galaxy Gear, the return rates were high. Samsung saw an embarrassing return rate of over thirty percent with one in every three customers returning the watch after a few days of use. After short surveys on why they have returned the Galaxy Gear, only limited responses were gathered. Most claimed that it was Just not what they are looking for. Although the public did not like the new smartwatch released by Samsung, the media leaked that it is apparently one of Oprahs favorite devices, as seen on her List of Favorites. Along with a picture of the smartphone and the watch, Oprah says that he watch helps her check her phone discreetly during meetings, without seeming impolite. Very little was said about the watch and its functionality. Looking into the comments made by Oprah can help the researchers safely assume that the functionality of the watch can work for some people who look for that type of feature. However, for the people who have returned the watch, what they are looking for in such a device needs to be determined. The researchers aim to know more about the publics response to the Galaxy Gear watch in order to determine if it was a market failure or not. The results of this study ill help Samsung know if such a device can be a good stream of revenue. Having a like device marketed with a major high-end phone that is highly anticipated is great in theory, however the question is if the product delivered is something that Samsung users and potential users are looking for. The Samsung Galaxy Gear Watch is meant to make the users lives easier by helping them multi-task and go about their day without having to constantly take their phone out. Unfortunately, it seems as if users who have purchased the watch either do not need this feature, or do not know how to fully utilize the device. RESEARCH RATIONALE Along with the research objectives mentioned above, Samsung has also come up with a SWOT analysis for the Samsung Galaxy Gear Watch. This analysis will help researchers put the new type of technology in perspective and see where it is positioned in the market. This can also help researchers determine if such a device is important in developing a new revenue stream for the company. Samsung Galaxy Gear SWOT Analysts STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES Innovative technology Leading Smartphone brand Add on revenue stream Powerful marketing Product cost Small market Release is too soon for new version of Galaxy Note OPPORTUNITIES THREATS Providing something new for users and potential users Basis for future like-products Marketing new smartphones with an added device Competition coming up with new technology Losing the market to different smartphone brand Unwanted/unneeded luxury technology Samsung Galaxy Gear PESTEL analysis Political Political situation is quit stable in US but unfortunately cant say about economical side of US now is at the edge of default, it has a huge threat for all businesses in this country. It is assumed that the credit limit will extended even more. But for how long the government can continue doing this. This uncertainty may threat the businesses, Samsung is not an exception. Also international laws should be considered : INCOTERMS, as the US is in the International trading Convention. Samsung should consider different laws in different states in US. Economic environment The main factor to consider is an unemployment rate, in 2011 unemployment rate in US was 9. 1% in 2013 is 14% it is slightly better than in 2012 when the country was under recession. It is for about 34 million Americans out of work. High unemployment rate definitely affects the consumers confidence which affected the consumer spending. Social-cultural Environment Technological boom has contributed to rise of telecommunication in both business and pleasure aspects. In order to determine primary target groups to sell device for, a company need to measure social aspects such as age, demographics, etc. It will be also helpful to improve or develop a new concept of device. Technological Environment The most important factor is that the cellular network in US. Country sides has a poorer quality of the voice/data transfer but most of the population is concentrated in cities where the cellular networks has almost a 100% coverage and a high quality. Legal For the past few years there were numerous lawsuits: Apple vs Samsung A recent loss to Apple (24august 2012, Apple won wins lawsuit where was awarded for $1 billion). Had a negative effect on the sales of Samsung sales in US. Which affected the companys reputation. Also this factor the sales of Galaxy Gear. Even though that most of the case can be considered as SILLY the cost from those law suits are quit high which affects the speed of the release of new device. Also it makes harder for manufactures to be competitive (increased costs, damage of the brand image). Samsung makes a very broad environmental activities around the world. Has their strategy on following topics: Eco-product- design sustainable products Climate strategy- minimize effect on environment Recycling Take phones for using old details in new phones Sustainable operation- substances BCG MATRIX Market growth Market share Smart watch 3% Sony 2. % 7% We can see that the Galaxy Gear has a very small market share and market growth rate. The same we can say about its closest competitor in smart watch sector (Sony). This can be explained that the product is very new and the product was advertised badly. So customers are not able to see the products all opportunities. By many experts it is estimated that the growth of this ind ustry may increase to the rate as the smartphone industry. It is estimated that by 2018 the smart industry may rise to 9 billion but now it is only 800million-1. billion if the growth rate of the industry will be 9-10% per year. So this explains why Galaxy gear has a small market share and a small market growth. The market is only shaping there is a long way to its maturity. So this shows a high potential of Samsungs products. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES The objectives of this research is to establish the effectiveness and desirability of Samsungs Galaxy Gear towards users and potential users so that the business can: Understand how valuable these new major smartphone accessories are for the organization In terms of sales and a potential revenue system. Understand how valuable these new major smartphone accessories are for the users this will help the researchers understand how the users respond to such technology and how it makes their lives easier. Understand what needs to be improved with the Samsung Galaxy Gear Watch the technology of the Galaxy Gear Watch still has room for improvement. The response of current users in terms of what they wish to see in the atch will be gathered to help researchers understand what users are looking for in this type of technology. Understand how to position and market future like- technologies when releasing a new smartphone this insight will allow researchers to see how the market responds to this new technology and how Samsung can create a new revenue stream from a product like the Galaxy Gear Watch. See Table below for areas of research focus: Fig 1: Areas of focus for Questionnaire Understanding Awareness of the product Are they aware that Samsung has come up with a new smartwatch made exlusively for the Samsung Galaxy Note Ill Smartphone? Have they ever seen in any form of advertising? If so, how many times? How did they hear about the new smartwatch? Will they recognize the device as a Samsung innovation when they see it? Attitude towards the new product Are they interested in owning such a device? Do they like the device in terms of aesthetics? What about the device is most intriguing? Do they believe that such a device can improve their productivity? How do they think this type of technology can improve their lives? Attitude to Samsung as a result of the new product Has the smartwatch device enabled them to know more about what Samsung is about? Do they see Samsung Smartphones differently after the release of the device? Would they consider purchasing future Samsung products if they came with a like device? Attitude to purchasing decision as a result of the new product Are they happy with their purchase? Do they believe that the cost of the product is fair? Would they recommend this new technology to friends and loved ones? Do they feel as if they have fully utilized the technology? Has this smartwatch helped them better function in the day? Does this smartwatch help them increase the effectivity of their smartphone? Did they purchase the smartphone because of the smartwatch? METHODOLOGY AND RATIONALE Samsung specializes in developing new innovative technologies and understands the key considerations to determine the most appropriate research methodology for this project: These include: The dispersed location of the audience Company policy towards engaging in market research such as this Sample set is small, therefore all users and potential users will be able answer all the research questions The users and potential users have a time restriction Therefore, this research will include three types of research: Very important to note that the region was take a US for the research. Because most international IT ompanies demonstrate and realease their products first in US. A success in US market means a lot in general success of the company. Also Us is the one of the biggest consumers in the world. 1 . Secondary Desk Research Once all the information is gathered, a secondary type of research will commence. Using the answers from the surveys, the researcher will look into areas that need awareness and how the users utilize such a product. The focus of the secondary research is also to explore new marketing strategies that can be used in order for people to know more about the new Galaxy Gear Watch. Apart from this, the research ill be used to know more about what can be done in terms of future technology innovations and how well they can be marketed with a new smartphone. 2. Primary Qualitative Research This stage will be seen as a basis for the research. Samsung will need to get initial feedback from users and potential users in order to develop the other areas of the study. This area will greatly improve the quality of the research conducted in terms of secondary and primary research. A small group of users and potential users from one area with different Job functions and occupations will be gathered to represent different groups. This small focus group can provide more insight on the product and let researchers know what needs to be improved when it comes to the technology. The potential users along with the current users will be able to sit-through a short tutorial on how to use the product and fully utilize it so that their productivity throughout the day can be improved. The users will first be asked what they like about the product, and the potential users will be asked if they would want such a product and what they find intriguing about it. They will also be asked why they have yet to purchase the Samsung Galaxy Gear Watch and what causes their reluctance in purchasing such a product. Samsung will have two moderators for this focus group, two members who have been selected for this specific role because of their interview and communication skills. They are most competent in reading into the attitudes of the users so that they can get the best, most accurate and most useful results for this study. 3. Primary Quantitative and Qualitative Mixed Research The primary quantitative and qualitative mixed research approach will be done in the form of a survey. The survey will ask relevant questions to people who are both ware of the new product and those who are not. This will be structured in a way to help us know where to focus on our secondary desk research portion for the study. Samsung has a good client base in the United States, and this particular study will focus on the clients of three different telecommunications stores in a specific area. The survey will only be about 10 15 minutes long where users and potential users will be answering mostly yes or no questions. A pilot testing phase for this will be done to see if the questionnaire is too long or too short. Telephone-based interviews for this research will not be used. However, online urveys will be needed. This will be provided by Survey Monkey, one of the leading online survey providers online (Buchanan Hvizdak, 2009). Samsung will create a short survey on their local website and email customers who are registered on their database. We will only collect the first set of surveys that are submitted and create a cut-off only for research purposes. This is a fast, effective and cost-friendly way to receive feedback from users and potential users. SAMPLE clients, as mentioned above. This particular study will be conducted in one of Samsungs headquarters in the United States. There will be a total of 12 individuals or each focus group discussion and a total of 100 120 respondents for the survey. The researchers believe that this sample size will be broad enough to gather useful information about Samsung Galaxy Gear Watch. The respondents in the survey should represent a particular group which Samsung would like to market to or already is part of Samsungs target audience. Before Samsung does come up with the focus group to identify the few respondents in the discussion, users and potential users will have to submit the following information in order for the researchers to determine if the individuals are a good fit for the study: First Name Last Name Occupation Job Title and Function Address Contact number Email address ONLINE SURVEY The online survey will be hosted by Survey Monkey, an online survey generator and provider (Buchanan Hvizdak, 2009). This will be emailed to Samsungs users and it can also be taken online in several Samsung retail stores. This method of gathering information is now very popular and it provides fast, easy and reliable results. The information from the surveys that are taken will simply be emailed to the researchers who can then compile the results. Before the survey questions will be finalized, a pilot will be done for one day, otaling of about ten surveys. Depending on the results of the survey, the researchers will then edit the questionnaire to better suit the study. The researchers will observe this chance to contact those who have already answered the survey and ask them about what they thought of the current questions and how convenient it was to answer something online. QUESTIONNAIRE GUIDE The questionnaire will involve users and potential users of Samsung phones. Those who have availed of the Galaxy Gear Watch will be generalized as Samsungs current target market. Those who have yet to buy the device, yet are interested will e studied. The questions on the survey will have a mix of closed and open questions, since it is both qualitative and quantitative. The questions will be short enough for the users to want to answer the survey. Also to make the questionnaire more effective, it should be designed in certain way: from general questions to open questions. QUESTIONNAIRE 1. Dou Yes No Maybe, I dont know 2. Do you think this device will benefit your daily life? Yes, a lot No, I dont think so 3. Do you have a Samsung phone? (if no next question) 4. Will you switch to Samsung because of the watches? 5. Do you like the design? . Will you manage to wear it every day? than 2 times Yes 7. Do regularly check recent IT news? Yes, every day No, never 8. From whom did you here about the watch? Online advertisement in Youtube Samsung Website Advertisement in magazine TV ads Once a week/ weekends/ more Friend 9. Do you think this watch will be suitable for everyone? (Kids, adults, elderly people) 10. Which gender will be more interested in this watch? Male Female 11. Do you think it is suitable for any occasions? (Wedding, party in club, business meeting, etc) Yes 12. Will you recommend this watch to your mother? I dont know 3. Will you give this watch as present to your friend? 4. Do you listen to music everyday? 15. Does this watch make music listening experience easier? 16. Will you wear it while doing sports? 17. Do you think Galaxy Gear innovative? 18. Will you wait for the next version? 19. How much are you willing to pay for Smart Watch? 50-150 1 50-250 250-350 20. What is your favorite color? White Black Red Yellow Green Blue 21 . In your opinion, what kind of functions Galaxy Gear should add? Video streaming Social media (Facebook, Twitter) Could be used as USB Other DATA HANDLING AND PROCESSING 1 . Survey Money for data collection Samsung uses a reliable and ethical data collection online provider (Buchanan Hvizdak, 2009). For a small fee each month, Samsung will have access to a customized survey created on this survey host. All information gathered from users and potential users will be collected through this host and emailed to the researchers. 3. Pilot Survey The pilot survey will be done to test the effectiveness of the questionnaires and to receive feedback from users and potential users. The researchers will see if the survey is too long / too short and if the questions are relevant to the study.

Financial Management in Nonprofit Organizations Essay - 2

Financial Management in Nonprofit Organizations - Essay Example Several performance measure indicators are also discussed and they have a deep co-relation with how the initial funds are generated. Performance indicators of both the types differ slightly but this is the only aspect in which most general finance principles can be applied to both. Finally, we looked at how corporate governance is ensured for nonprofits yet they lack in strong monitoring as the real focus of government, agencies and creditors is on how for – profits are performing. Financial Management in Nonprofit Organizations Financial Management for nonprofit organizations has many similarities with the financial management practices being adopted by profit organizations yet it differs in some respects. Maximization of Shareholder’s wealth and return on investment are the key performance indicators for a ‘for-profit’ organization. However, as far as a not for profit organization is concerned, the key emphasis is on developing the welfare projects of the society by contributing in one form or the other. Major stakeholders of a not for profit organization are not entitled to any wealth maximization. ... This actually leads to the definition of the mission statement of a not for profit organization (Blackbaud, 2011). The disclosure and administration activities of a nonprofit organization must be scrutinized; therefore the working staff must be accountable for every incoming dollar. This is for donor’s satisfaction and for the transparency of the management processes (Cass, 2010). Fund accounting system has become even more critical considering an increasing shift in the importance of external financial reporting (McFarlane, 2012). Therefore, budgeting and cash flows management are of immense importance in a not for profit organization’s financial management setup. Liquidity and asset management is important too since commitments of servicing are to be continued over an extensive period of time. Cash Flow prediction becomes challenging due to two main factors. Primarily, operational cash flows are negative and financial cash flows are not certain. Another reason for thi s unpredictability is the fact that cash flow donors aren’t the ones who are receiving services or any other advantage on their investments. Severe management crisis can be an outcome of a demand increase in the resources of the nonprofit organization. Accounting control also becomes important since the forecasted revenue is unreliable and that’s the reason why not for profit organizations are not inclined in servicing newer clients until they have done a thorough research on that. With control comes budgeting, thus, a not for profit organization requires risk averse financial managers and tactical marketers. Sources of Funds Nonprofit organizations utilize a method known as fund accounting for maintaining books pertinent to the received resources by

Analysing a web based company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Analysing a web based company - Essay Example Business Planning, Retail Growth Strategy, Meal Plan Strategy, Sourcing and Procurement Strategy, Concept Development, Health and Well-Being Strategy, Information Systems Strategy, Food Facilities Planning and Design. Accommodation and food services makes up about 8.1 percent of all employment. (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics). Employment in the accommodation and food services industries is predicted to grow 18% between 2002 and 2012, adding more than 1.6 million new jobs. (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics). Of the 8,740,000 total workers employed in the accommodation and food services industry in 2003, 5,343,000 works full-time (61%), while 3,397,000 work part-time (39%). (Annual average for 2003, according to the Current Population Survey, a joint project of the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics and Census Bureau). The Total Industry Investment is $1,765,000 and the total leveraged resources are $5,900,000. Profit and average room rate at the UK's chain hotels continued to increase in November, according to the latest HotStats survey from TRI Hospitality Consulting. Across the total UK sample of 462 hotels, income before fixed charges (IBFC) - also known as gross operating profit - rose by 5.6 per cent to 52.81 per available room. Average room rate increased by 7.4 per cent to 95.03 in November, a similar rate of growth to the 7.2 per cent achieved during the year so far. In London, profit grew by 7.9 per cent to 82.19 per available room. London's hoteliers continued to achieve rate growth at near annual levels with an 8.9 per cent increase taking average room rate to a new high of 125.85. - Jonathan Langston, UK Chain Hotels Market Review November 2007 | TRI Hospitality, www.trihc.com Villa's Market in Florida Florida property values vary greatly depending on where you are buying. A four-bedroom, three-bathroom Florida villa in Tallahassee will cost around $275,000 whereas a similar property in Key West will cost nearer to $4 million. The Florida villa rental market is thriving because of the popularity of the sunshine state with tourists and also the growth of commerce-based localities such as Miami. Zoning restrictions on the Gulf and Atlantic coasts have pushed up the price of Florida villa rental in those regions. The average weekly rent in West Palm Beach is $1587 and $1431 in Miami. The lower costs in Orlando, a ready-made tenant base, means it may offer the best investment opportunities in the market for Florida villa rental. Florida has a number of the fastest growing property markets in the US with price rises of 36% in Naples and 28% in Orlando in recent years. The growth of the Florida property market has meant there has been a shortage of properties in some areas. This has been met by developers seemingly building a Florida villa on every spare piece of land they can find. The Florida property market now appears to be experiencing an overall slow-down with less developments being planned and prices growing at a slower rate. Mortgage rates are expected to rise in the future, pushing up the cost

Critique One Empirical Article Relating to Adult Education

Critique One Empirical Relating to Adult Education - Article Example Winn et al. (2006) wanted to test if two reading strategies applied to children and adolescents can also be used to improve the reading fluency of adult learners. Fluent reading is a skill in rapid and accurate reading (p.196). The researchers recognized the gap in adult education research in the context of fluent reading and believed that K-12 research can help provide teaching tools, when research on adult education strategies and practices is lacking. They hypothesized that it is important to enhance reading fluency, because this can also increase the preference for reading (p.197). They stated that non-fluent readers are less motivated, have less cognitive resource management success, and have weaker reading reinforcement; thus, it is critical to enhance reading fluency, so that comprehension skill and probability of reading among adults can also be improved (p.197). The study used three reading strategies: 1) controlled, 2) repeated reading (RR) and 3) listening while reading (LWR). The research design was an experimental design with a comparison made between pre and post-results. Their sampling included twelve (12) participants, who studied literacy skills in an adult education center. The dependent variables were words read correctly per minute and errors per minute (EPM). Researchers collected the baseline data for reading fluency using the 1996 Test of Adult Basic Education (TABE). Findings showed that RR and LWR conditions showed higher scores in WCPM than the control condition. Errors per minute were lower in RR condition than control and LWR conditions. Furthermore, WCPM scores were higher when RR and LWR conditions were used. There were also no differences in words correct per minute using the LWR and RR conditions. Within subject comparisons of WCPM across LWR, RR, and control conditions showed greater reading fluency under LWR and RR conditions. Hence, RR and LWR both enhanced reading fluency more than the control condition. 3. Implications for Education The information in this article can be used by educators to improve adult education, because it underlines the importance of testing successful teaching strategies in the adult sector, using children or adolescent educational theories and research, it provided practical measures for improving reading fluency among adult learners, and it demonstrated the need for greater research on adult education literacy skills. First, this study showed that successful adult teaching strategies can be based on children or adolescent educational theories and research, although with some modifications. For instance, the topics of the reading materials were based on the interests of the adults, since this can improve the probability of reading. Second, the study gave practical tools and strategies for enhancing reading fluency among adult learners. RR and LWR conditions already h ave step-by-step procedures that can be easily applied to adult learning settings. These steps were also simple and feasibly applied for resource-stricken and time-limited adult education programs and centers. Third, the study recognized the gap in adult education research, such as lack of reading strategy studies for adult students. This points the direction for future studies, which include identification and evaluation of existing reading fluency

Do objects exist independent of the mind?

Do objects exist independent of the mind? This essay will investigate the question of whether mind independent objects exist according to John Locke and George Berkeley. John Locke reasons that objects do exist independently of our mind but this is not without some caveat. George Berkeley on the other hand argues that no material substances exist other than ideas or perceptions in our minds. Hence there are no mind independent objects. I will argue that John Lockes reasoning is actually stronger than Berkeleys and therefore the case for mind independent objects existing is coincidentally stronger as well. Lockes argument in support is that we can be sure of the limits of our knowledge of their existence because of the ideas we obtain from our senses. I will firstly detail how Lockes reasoning supports this contention. Secondly I will explore Berkeleys claim which denies that any form of material substance and hence mind independent objects do not exist independently. I will argue that Berkeleys claim fails because of inadequacies raised during his rejection of Lockes argument. Berkeley relies on an appeal to the supernatural (e.g. God) to counter the universal proposition that he inevitably draws himself into with the existence of other minds in external human bodies and in his contention that external objects only exist as ideas in the mind. Locke adopts a pragmatic approach to this inquiry because he uses the senses in a practical everyday way to assess the degree of certainty of knowledge. Importantly, Locke accepts the limitations of human knowledge which then defines the inquiry question of what level of certainty there is for the existence of external objects (Bennett, 2007). Locke says that an idea is; whatever is the object of the understanding when a man thinks (Bennett 2007 p2). This is an important definition because it suggests an idea to be more than just a representation of an external object. What Locke alludes to here is that we have a cognitive ability to obtain knowledge of the external world through a relationship in our mind between simple (sensations from experience) and complex (abstracted from particular to universal principles) ideas and are thus able to pass judgement (subjective) about the certainty of that knowledge. Locke states that; Knowledge, then, seems to me to be nothing but the perception of the connection and agreement, or disagreement and incompatibility, of any of our ideas. That is all it is (Bennett, 2007, p196). So knowledge then becomes the outcome of complex ideas created in our mind from sensations. The mind has no innate ideas and starts out as a tabula rasa (or blank sheet) but with mental faculties which thus enable the creation of ideas from experiences of the external world (Bennett, 2007). This is not unproblematic though because it raises the question of exactly which faculties are then innate. However, the ideas created come into being from when a person first has sensations. Locke says that: Since there appear not to be any ideas in the mind before the senses have conveyed any in, I think that ideas in the understanding arise at the same time as sensation (Bennett, 2007 p22). These ideas fashioning our knowledge are thus derived from our experience. They are also built upon the immediate impression of external objects in our mind through our senses. More complex and abstract concepts result from our own introspection. Locke then talks about three types of knowledge which are important in our understanding of the certainty of the existence mind independent objects. He claims that these three types of knowledge are; 1. Intuitive Knowledge which is the immediate agreement or disagreement between ideas without an intervention of other ideas; 2. Demonstrative Knowledge which does not immediately perceive the agreement or disagreement of ideas. It therefore brings into itself more ideas and creating complex ideas thus calling it reasoning; 3. Sensitive Knowledge which is knowledge gained through the senses (Bennett, 2007 p22). Sensitive knowledge is the key element of his claim that external objects exist independent of the mind. Whilst it is readily conceded by Locke that sensitive knowledge is not as certain as intuitive knowledge or demonstrative knowledge, it nevertheless goes beyond probability (Bennett, 2007, p202). It follows then that the level of certainty in establishing a case for the existence of external objects knowledge using the senses is limited. But I contend that the degree to which it is limited does not discount its use. Locke also asserts that whilst some philosophers question whether external objects exist even though they may have an idea in their mind, there is a degree of evidentness which puts the question beyond doubt (Bennett, 2007, p202). So he postulates that we can feel the sun, notice the difference at night without the sun and appreciate the contrast between a dream and an idea coming into our mind through the senses (Bennett, 2007, p202). So for all practical purposes, I contend along with Locke that this is all we need to establish a high level of certainty about the existence of mind-independent objects. This is not to say, that his logic is not without some openings for criticism such as the probabilistic certainty of sensitive knowledge. However I argue that the strength of Lockes reasoning for the existence of mind independent objects lies in its pragmatic simplicity. If we have the idea that something exists independently of our mind and we confirm this with our senses, then it is highly probable that it does exist independently of our mind. If we have the idea that the ground we walk upon is solid, then the idea comes from our experience of solid ground through our walking upon it. Using Lockes reasoning then, the idea of solid ground (as a mind independent object) can be held to be certain; to the limit that sensitive knowledge allows. In contrast to Locke, one can postulate as does George Berkeley, that material substances (and hence mind independent objects) do not exist. In his inquiry, scepticism surfaces amidst the proposition that we think only about the idea and not the actual external object. This scepticism charges the materialism of Locke for example, with implying that it leads to disavowing God (Downing, 2011). This aspect of Berkeleys rejection of Lockes materialist conceptions of the existence of external objects is also a key element of my rejection of Berkeleys Idealism. Berkeleys main argument for the mind independent objects not existing is structured thus; That we perceive ordinary objects and I wouldnt have known them if I hadnt perceived them by my senses; Things perceived by the senses are immediately perceived; and Things that are immediately perceived are ideas; and Ideas cant exist outside the mind. So it follows that; The existence of things I perceive by my senses consists in being perceived. When they are actually perceived [the existence of things], therefore, there can be no doubt about their existence (Berkeley P41). Unfolding what Berkeley means by this hinges upon his use of the word perceive. If the definition of perceiving is to become aware of something through the senses, then it seems that what Berkeley is saying is that we can have knowledge of the existence of external objects. But in fact that is not what he is saying. In #1, #2, #3 #4 he is arguing that our perception or awareness of ordinary objects (external) is based upon the use of our senses creating ideas which can then only exist in our minds. Premise #5 makes his argument look remarkably circular but I will grant that it isnt for this purpose. What he is saying is that external objects only exist because we are able to be aware of them. His conclusion at #6 reiterates the thrust of his claim that when we are made aware of external objects by our senses, then we cannot doubt their existence. He does not mean the external object. He means the idea of the external object. So, if the external object is not a representation and it is not anything other than an idea brought about by a perception or awareness through the senses, how is it that we come by the idea of knowledge of the external world? And more so, how is it that when we are not present or are denied our senses for any reason, that other people continue to experience the external world. Berkeley answers this by saying that When I say that sensible things [external objects] cant exist out of the mind, I dont mean my mind in particular, but all minds. Now, they clearly have an existence exterior to my mind, since I find by experience that they are independent of it (Berkeley p42). I argue here that this sentence inherently disrupts Berkeleys claim that there are no mind independent objects. How is it that there can be other independent minds (assuming them to be within external human bodies) which have an existence exterior to his and which perceive external objects whilst Berkeley is say, asleep? How is it that they are not considered to be external mind independent objects? There must be some other explanation. So Berkeley finds himself having to refer to the supernatural deity for relief; God. There is therefore some other mind in which they [external objects] exist during the intervals between the times when I perceive them; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. it necessarily follows that there is an omnipresent, eternal Mind which knows and comprehends all things and lets us experience them in a certain manner (Berkeley p42). In my assessment this appeal to the omnipotence of God diminishes Berkeleys argument dramatically. It is not a question of having or not having a belief in God. It is about establishing a level of certainty that the external world exists independently of our mind. In contrast to Lockes argument which allows for a probabilistic consideration about the certainty of knowledge; Berkeley simply refutes the external mind independent world and fills the void he creates with that of a supernatural deity. It is contextually understandable but I argue that it severely reduces the plausibility and explanatory power of his claim that mind independent objects do not exist. This essay has argued that Lockes assertions about the existence of mind independent objects are stronger than Berkeleys claim that no mind independent objects exist and to this I offer my support. Lockes probabilistic approach to sensitive knowledge assists him to overcome the vicarious connections between the mind and the external world. This is not without its problems though as I have discussed in the paper. Locke struggles with innateness of ideas and faculties along with proving the level of certainty against a measure of probability. In contrast, Berkeley simply rejects mind independent objects outright, which leaves him with the problem of how to then deal with the issue of other minds and human bodies. To this he simply defers to a supernatural deity in God. This I contend creates a most significant weakness in his argument and causes me to reject it. ConAgra Foods, Inc: Economic Analysis ConAgra Foods, Inc: Economic Analysis Author: Artem Zaiets(36981) Summary This paper’s purpose is to look through and analyze the activities of ConAgra Foods within food processing industry. It will touch the areas of the financing of the company as well as those of the business strategies and compare the company’s major competitors’ operations over the past 5 years. The statistics will also project the expected future growth under the rate of 5% over a 3 year period and look at the sensitivity analysis. Using the projected data, this paper will also show the internal growth rate of the company as well as the external funds required for the future. Introduction ConAgra Foods, Inc. is an American packaged foods company that is located in Omaha, Nebraska that was founded a whole century ago in 1919. The company produces and sells products under 27 different brand names, most of which are popular and known only within the North America. Some of ConAgras major brands include Hunts, Healthy Choice, Marie Callenders, Orville Redenbacher, Slim Jim (snack food), Reddi-wip, Egg Beaters, Hebrew National, P. F. Changs, and Bertolli ready meals. The products of the company diverse from cooking oil to hot dogs, frozen dinners, peanut butter, hot cocoa and many more. As was mentioned earlier, the company’s brands are known mostly in North American, including Canada, the U.S. and Mexico, nevertheless, the company still competes with European and Asian packaging food companies in the market and holds a quite strong position in the list. Financial Strategy There are many tools and ratios that can be useful in order to find out a firm’s financing strategy over a course of period. In this passage, I will be discussing 3 of them: debt to equity ratio, payout ratio and retained earnings during the period from 2010 to 2014, and will compare them with other major competitors that the company has in the food processing industry. The first tool that will be used is debt to equity ratio. This ratio indicates the proportion of equity and debt that a company uses to finance its assets to know whether it is conducting a riskier but more profitable business or vice versa. From the chart we can observe the comparison of this ratio with 2 other industry-related companies (Appendix Table 1). As can be seen from the chart, over the course of these 5 years, the ratio for ConAgra Foods, Inc. jumped drastically from 0.7862 to 1.752 in December 31st of year 2013. This can be explained by the fact that the company decided that it did not have sufficient revenue in order to operate further, and as was mentioned earlier the higher the ratio is, the more risk the company takes but the more money it receives as a turn-over at the same time. We can observe the same situation with Kraft Foods, an American company which was founded in year 2012 as a grocery manufacturing and processing conglomerate. A new company has relatively à ¢â‚¬Ëœless’ to lose than an older one, especially when a company such as ConAgra Foods is nearly 100 years old. Indeed, in the short run, according to microeconomic rules of companies, the latter need to have as much revenue as possible in order to operate in the long run. That is why the ratio for the second company is relatively high. As for Nestle which was founded in year 1905 and that is headquartered in Switzerland, we can observer that the situation is rather more stable compared to the 2 other companies. In year 2012, it reached a maximum of 0.4494 ratio in debt to equity which is quite low considering this industry is capital-intensive. The payout ratio, on the other hand, shows the amount of dividends per share to earnings per share that a company makes. For investors, the ratio can show whether the company’s dividend payments seem to be appropriate and sustainable or whether the company’s paying out more than it can sustain. New and-or fast growing companies usually focus on re-investing their earnings so the business can grow, and as a result, tend to have lower dividend payout ratios. Conversely, larger companies usually have a higher payout ratio. Let us analyze the data from Table 2 (Appendix Table 2). ConAgra Foods company’s payout ratio during the period of 2010 to 2011 has been always higher than 40%, and in 2012 even reached 84.8%. This shows that the company decided to increase the relations with their shareholders, or increase the amount of people contributing to the company by having a more attractive dividend payment. As for the new company Kraft Foods, in 2012 the ratio was at 18.2% which is not surprising. However, the company in the next year decided to increase the dividend payments to 48.2%. The reasons may be the same as ConAgra Foods company’s and also that the company does not have much operating cost at this stage. Nestle in years 2010 to 2011 was quite low, but increased to a reasonable amount in the next years. Yet another tool can be used in defining a company’s financial strategy and it is the retained earnings. Retained earnings are usually used to pay off debts and/or gain additional assets (Appendix Table 3). Table shows the relationship between the retained earnings with long-term, short-term debts, as well as non-current assets and stockholders’ equity for ConAgra Foods company. The short-term debt in the company is kept relatively low at all times in the company, which shows that it spends its earnings to keep them down. Non-current assets, however, get increased by twice as much in year 2013. The explanation for this may be that the company decided to increase investments for its many brands recognition, as well as some new equipment. 1.2. The relationship between the financing strategy and the business strategy Since ConAgra Foods, Inc. has so many brands under its name, a wise strategy for the company would be to increase their investments on those brands that have the highest potential, make them more recognizable around the U.S. The company has, therefore, undertaken a few financial actions that would reflect on their business operations. An example of that is the dividend action. The dividend continues to represent one of the highest payout levels among consumer food companies today. As was shown earlier in the chart with the payout ratios of the company and its competitors, we could indeed see that the ratio was the highest for ConAgra Foods, Inc. Restructuring charges is the next strategy that the company recently implemented. The balance of this charge will reflect upon the volatile and non-volatile costs relating to the implementation of restructuring activities, including programs designed to reduce the company’s ongoing operating costs. In other words, the company also focu ses on reducing operating costs. This does make sense, knowing that this industry is quite capital-intensive. The company also announced plans to divest its seafood and domestic imported cheese businesses. 1.3. Internal Growth Rate The internal growth rate of a company illustrates the highest level of growth which is achievable by the company without obtaining external financing. The formula for calculating the growth rate is as following: IGR = Plowback ratio Ãâ€" return on equity Ãâ€" . The plowback ratio is simply 1 subtracted by the payout ratio (1 – payout ratio), and the return on equity is the net income divided by the shareholders’ equity (ROE = ). Using the latest financial data of the company for year 2014, we get that IGR = (1 – 0.527) Ãâ€" Ãâ€" =0.473Ãâ€"0.058Ãâ€"0.272=0.00746 or roughly 0.75%. A conclusion of this is that without external financing, the growth rate of the company is mediocre. In case of any questions considering number (Appendix B Balance sheet of the company). 2.1. ConAgra Foods spreadsheet Assumed growth rate 0,05 Comments Comments Income statement 2014 2015 2016 2017 Revenue 17 702 600 18 587 730 19 517 117 20 492 972 5% increase Cost of goods sold 13 980 000 60,4% of sales 14 679 000 15 412 950 16 183 598 5% increase EBIT 955 400 1 003 170 1 053 329 1 105 995 5% increase Interest expense 379 000 379 000 379 000 379 000 Earnings before taxes 576 400 EBIT-I.expense 624 170 674 329 726 995 Taxes 298 000 51,7% of EBT 322 696 348 628 375 856 Net income 315 100 EBIT I.expense taxes 301 474 325 701 351 139 Dividents 166 057 Payout ratio = 0,527 158 877 171 644 185 050 Reatined earnings 149 043 Net income-dividents 142 597 154 056 166 089 Balance sheet Assets Net working capital 1 588 400 1 667 820 1 751 211 1 838 772 5% increase Fixed assets 15 123 600 15 879 780 16 673 769 17 507 457 5% increase Total assets 16 724 000 17 547 600 18 424 980 19 346 229 Equity and liabilities Long-term debt 8 767 600 8 767 600 8 767 600 8 767 600 Shareholders equity 5 258 500 5 401 097 5 555 154 5 721 242 Increase due to Retained earnings Other liabilities 2 601 200 2 601 200 2 601 200 2 601 200 Minority interest 96 700 96 700 96 700 96 700 Total liability and s.equity 16 724 300 Equal to total assets 16 866 597 17 020 654 17 186 742 Required external finance 0 681 003 1 404 326 2 159 487 Total assets Total liab. and s.equity From this table we can observe how much external finance company needed to maintain future growth. It means that company will either sell equity or borrow debt to obtain extra cash for future growth. Required external finance was calculated, simply, by subtracting future total assets from future total liabilities and shareholders’ equity. In case of any questions considering number (Appendix B Balance sheet of the company). Appendix A 2.1. Financing strategy Table 1 DEBT TO EQUITY 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 ConAgra Foods (CAG) 0.6543 0.6183 0.7862 1.752 1.522 Kraft Foods (KRFT) N/A 0.0021 2.79 1.924 2.298 Nestle (NSRGY) 0.3249 0.3928 0.4494 0.3475 0.3024 The numbers were taken from December 31st of each consecutive year. Table 2 PAYOUT, % 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 ConAgra Foods (CAG) 43 46.8 84.8 82.1 52.7 Kraft Foods (KRFT) N/A N/A 18.2 48.2 53.1 Nestle (NSRGY) 17 18.5 60.6 72.2 47.5 Table 3 Year 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Retained Earnings 4417 4854 4765 5130 5011 Short-term Debt 261 364 78 703 226 Long-term Debt 3226 2870 2859 8887 8768 Non-current Assets 7778 7509 8223 16026 15136 Stockholders Equity 4924 4702 4440 5264 5259 Appendix B 1.3. Internal growth rate; 2.1. ConAgra Foods spreadsheet Balance sheet of the company 2014 Assets Current Assets Cash And Cash Equivalents 183,100 Net Receivables 1,393,200 Inventory 2,292,600 Other Current Assets 361,900 Total Current Assets 4,230,800 Property Plant and Equipment 3,822,800 Goodwill 7,836,500 Intangible Assets 3,205,800 Other Assets 270,500 Total Assets 19,366,400 Liabilities Current Liabilities Accounts Payable 2,416,400 Short/Current Long Term Debt 226,000 Total Current Liabilities 2,642,400 Long Term Debt 8,767,600 Other Liabilities 2,601,200 Minority Interest 96,700 Total Liabilities 14,107,900 Stockholders Equity Common Stock 2,839,700 Retained Earnings 5,010,600 Treasury Stock (3,494,400) Capital Surplus 1,036,900 Other Stockholder Equity -134,3 Total Stockholder Equity 5,258,500 References conagrafoods, (2015).Investor Relations and Investor Information | ConAgra Foods. [online] Available at: http://www.conagrafoods.com/news-room/news-ConAgra-Foods-Announces-Strategy-for-Strengthening-Long-Term-Operating-PerformanceStreamlined-PortfolioIncreased-Marketing-on-Key-BrandsAggressive-Cost-Programs-and-Lower-Dividend-Shape-New-Financial-Profile-1008563 [Accessed 29 Jun. 2015]. Financials.morningstar.com, (2015).Balance Sheet for ConAgra Foods Inc (CAG) from Morningstar.com. [online] Available at: http://financials.morningstar.com/balance-sheet/bs.html?t=CAGregion=usaculture=en-US [Accessed 29 Jun. 2015]. Gurufocus.com, (2015).ConAgra Foods Inc (CAG) Debt to Equity (%). [online] Available at: http://www.gurufocus.com/term/deb2equity/CAG/Debt+to+Equity+%28%25%29/ConAgra+Foods+Inc [Accessed 29 Jun. 2015]. Markets.ft.com, (2015).Nestle SA, NESN:VTX financials FT.com. [online] Available at: http://markets.ft.com/research/Markets/Tearsheets/Financials?s=NESN:VTX [Accessed 29 Jun. 2015]. Finance.yahoo.com, (2015).CAG Balance Sheet | ConAgra Foods, Inc. Common Stoc Stock Yahoo! Finance. [online] Available at: https://finance.yahoo.com/q/bs?s=CAG+Balance+Sheetannual [Accessed 30 Jun. 2015]. Finance.yahoo.com, (2015).CAG Income Statement | ConAgra Foods, Inc. Common Stoc Stock Yahoo! Finance. [online] Available at: https://finance.yahoo.com/q/is?s=CAG+Income+Statementannual [Accessed 30 Jun. 2015].

Different Perspectives of Psychology Essay

What is psychology and how can people understand it better? Psychology is a scientific term used to understand how the mind and body works together. It is also the studying of human behavior and the understanding of other people’s thoughts and behaviors as well. To comprehend psychology and how it has evolved since its beginning, people need to know and comprehend some perspectives or theories that have been used in the past. Some examples of the different theories are: behaviorism, cognitive, humanistic, structuralism and psychodynamic. By having a basic knowledge of the different perspectives, it will help us have a better understanding of how psychology works today. HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY Throughout history, people have been curious about the mind and how it works. It all started around the fifth century B.C., when there was a great debate over the mind-body concept. There were many questions on whether or not the body was connected with the mind, and if they were connected, how was it possible. Plato and Aristotle, who were Greek philosophers, had two different views of this concept. Plato claimed that the mind and body were two separate parts and it would remain the same even after death. He also believed that when people are born they will possess all the knowledge they will ever have in their lifetime, and during their life the education they receive will be based on what they already knew. Aristotle, on the other hand, had the total opposite view compared to Plato. He felt that the body and mind were interlinked together and were made of the same matter. He also thought that the knowledge was not inborn, but instead it was due to the lack of experience or understanding in the world (Editorial Board, 2011). Aristotle believed that all matter which includes the human body was made up by four key components. These components were called: earth, air, water, and fire; they were known as the pillars of science. Through the use of scientific technology, which started around late 19th century, psychology spread to the studies of understanding the mind and how it works. By 1879, a doctor named Wilhelm Wundt started the very first scientific research laboratory in dealing with psychology in Leipzig, Germany. Wundt used a method known as introspection to help better understand why a person would do a certain action, and he was also known to be the founder of structuralism which is one of the theories used in psychology (Editorial Board, 2011). PERSPECTIVES OF PSYCHOLOGY BEHAVIORISM Behaviorism is a perspective that was discovered by a Russian physiologist named Ivan Pavlov. It shows that learning can be taught through rewards or punishments which are related with a certain behavior. His studies showed that dogs would be salivating because they heard the ringing of the bell which was associated with their food. He thought it was a definition of learning and so the behaviorist approach was born. Other psychologists, such as John Watson and B.F. Skinner, had a strong hand in developing the behaviorism perspective (Editorial Board, 2011). Skinner believed that behaviorism had changed dramatically since it was first introduced by Pavlov. Skinner introduced the behavior analysis concept into the psychology field. He also established himself in the contribution of behaviorism by introducing his concept of operant behavior by publishing an article called The Behavior of Organisms in 1938. Skinner was known as the main representative for behavior analysis, and behaviorism was shaped from the works of Skinner. From the 1950s to the 1980s, American psychology was believed to be shaped by Skinner’s work more than any other psychologists during this period (Watrin & Darwich, 2012). PSYCHODYNAMIC Psychodynamic is a perspective in psychology that was discovered by a medical doctor named Sigmund Freud. It shows that hidden or unconscious thoughts could be the cause of present traumas or aliments, and by remembering them it would usually more often than not relieve their troubles and cure them. Freud also used psychoanalysis on his patients to help figure out what was going on with them. Psychoanalysis is a process where the patients would talk about their problems and try to figure out what was going on with them. There were a couple of other psychologists who made some contributions to the psychodynamic theory who were known as Neo-Freudians. Neo-Freudians are people that are psychologists who will give a lower profile to Freud’s work about the sexuality part of the psychodynamic theory, but still help to further the cause of the theory (Editorial Board, 2011). Karen Horney was one of those people. She believed that to have a healthy relationship, you need to be raised with trusting relationships with dependable parents that would meet the needs of security for their children. She is known to be the first women to study the field of psychology through a women’s point of view (Editorial Board, 2011). An example would be if someone was afraid of a long-term commitment and they did not understand why, you could use the psychoanalysis approach which is part of the psychodynamic perspective and figure out why. By using the psychodynamic theory, a person could find out that because of a the person’s father leaving them at a young age it could cause them to be afraid of a long-term commitment and by addressing this problem they could resolve their issues and move on with their new life. Even though many people have contributed to the development of psychodynamic theory, it has been popular because of Sigmund Freud who had made the most noteworthy influence to the theory and also to psychology itself (Editorial Board, 2011). HUMANISTIC The humanistic theory was introduced about two centuries ago through the writings of J.C.L. Simonde de Sismondi. It deals with how the person has basic needs that need to be met and those needs are: material, social, and moral. These needs deal with the physical aspect rather than the mind. The works of Sismondi were more basic than the works of Abraham Maslow, who developed the hierarchy of basic needs. The Maslow’s hierarchy of basic needs is elaborated more than the works of Sismondi and it is considered to be a facilitator for the humanistic perspective and a role for security for human development (Humanistic Perspective, 1999). He also felt that if the person did not satisfy all of their basic needs, then they cannot recognize their gifts to their fullest (Editorial Board, 2011). Carl Rogers was an innovator in the field of humanistic psychology and he advocated a medicinal technique called client-centered therapy. He believed that all people have an interior core, or true self, and that it can be unclear if a person is absentminded with increasing the approval of other people. He also believed in using unconditional empathy or approval and understanding which is known today as active listening (Editorial Board, 2011). Making sure a person has the basic necessities like food, water, air, shelter, and sleep, then a person is on the right path for self-discovery and using the humanistic theory could help with it as well. SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES SIMILARITIES BETWEEN THE PERSPECTIVES 1. They are each a force in psychology 2. They each have a relationship between the patient and the therapist 3. They each had a specific person that contributed to each of the perspectives DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE PERSPECTIVES 1. They each deal with a different part of the body or mind 2. They each had a different contribution to psychology 3. The therapists uses different types of theory for each of the perspectives CONCLUSION Psychology is a fascinating field that studies the mind and how it works. It is important to have a basic knowledge about psychology, no matter what profession a person has. Everybody works with people, and having the understanding and knowledge about people and what they think will come to be valuable. Understanding the history of psychology and the perspectives that have contributed in developing the field of psychology today is important to any person who will be working with other people. References Editorial Board. (2011). Introduction to Psychology. Words of Wisdom, LLC. Retrieved from http://wow.coursesmart.com/9781934920565/id0002#. Humanistic Perspective. (1999). In The Elgar Companion to Consumer Research and Economic Psychology. Retrieved from http://www.credoreference.com/ entry/elgarcrep/humanistic_ perspective Watrin, J., & Darwich, R. (2012). On behaviorism in the cognitive revolution: Myth and reactions. Review Of General Psychology, 16(3), 269-282. doi:10.1037/a0026766 Retrieved from: http://search.ebscohost.com.proxy.cecybrary.com/login.aspx?direct= true&db=pdh&AN=gpr-16-3-269&site=ehost-live

Benefits and limitations of airport security scanners Essay

                  The security and welfare of people is very important in a society. In order to ensure that people are secure and safe, some measures may be employed although they may be controversial. The example of airport security scans represents such a circumstance. The full body scanners are used detect objects that are on the body of an individual for security reasons without requiring the individual to remove their clothes or have physical contact with the device. Statistics indicate that as of December 2013 an estimated 740 scanners (full body scanners) these devices were in use at more than 150 airports in the United States (TSA). They are effective in identifying suspicious objects that a person may be carrying. However, there are concerns whether use of the full body actual really is a necessary precaution or a practice that invades the privacy of travelers.                  The devices are effective in detecting suspicious objects that may be concealed including both metallic and non-metallic objects. As opposed to metal detectors which identify objects that are made of metallic materials, the scanners used in airports detect both metal and non-metallic objects. They uncover objects that a physical pat-down would reveal but fail to be identified by a metal detector such as chemical explosives and plastic explosives. The device therefore performs the function of both a metal detector and a physical pat-down in revealing various dangerous devices at airports. People who have sinister motives or who desire to break the law by moving illegal items through airports would therefore not be able to succeed in perpetuating their plans because of the presence of the scanners. The primary objective of the scanners is hence achieved and safety of passengers as well as national security is secured.                   The fact that it performs the duties of both a physical pat-down and a metal detector means that the device facilitates time saving and is cost effective (TSA). Regardless of the high costs incurred in purchasing and installing it, the device would replace two security guards responsible for physical pat-downs (one guard for each gender). The airport using the device would hence save on wages for two people and less time would be consumed compared to the time used during a physical pat-down.                   Physical pat-downs are considered by various people to be intrusive and full body scanners provide a better alternative that is not as intrusive as pat-downs and that is more thorough. However, since they still examine the body of an individual in-depth, they still make people to feel that their privacy has been invaded. In order to further protect the privacy of people undergoing such scans, screeners are located in a different room from the individual where they can view images without exposing the identity of the person undergoing the scan (Tessler). In addition, security officers entering the viewing room are not allowed to enter with mobile phones, cameras or any gadgets that can take images and store or transmit them (Tessler). Still, fears remain that such images may be stored and used in other platforms such as uploading them to the internet. Authorities provide counterarguments such as the assertion that functions that are responsible for storag e or transmission are not active but rather that they are disabled prior to the installation of these devices in airports. This, though, does not overrule the possibility of technicians managing to enable such functions. Furthermore, it is not quite clear the reason behind inclusion of such functions in the device yet they get disabled prior to installation.                The costly nature of full body scanners is a major limitation that raises the costs of startup for people wishing to enter the aviation industry. Much as they are costly, they fail to reveal objects that are hidden in body cavities and are not capable of revealing objects that are of low density. It is therefore apparent that full body scanner despite of the significant popularity they have gained in combating security threats and illegal practices are incapable of combating drug smuggling that is executed through concealment of drugs in body cavities (Tessler).                   Full body scanners create a potential for harassment or embarrassment of specific groups of people. The device can detect medical equipment that may be connected to body parts such as catheters and it may necessitate further examination to confirm the identity of the object detected (Gartner et al). This would embarrass the victim who would feel that they have been singled out because of their medical condition. Transgender people are also susceptible to such embarrassment as the scanners are capable of detecting prosthetics such as testicles and breasts and the need may arise to further examine individuals whose images indicate the presence of both breasts and testicles as one of the two body features may be an improvised tool to conceal weapons, drugs or other illegal objects or objects not allowed through airport security (Gartner et al). Conclusion                   Full body scanners are recommended to improve airport security and only few loopholes are existent like the inability to detect objects in body cavities. Although much criticism has been directed at the devices, much of it is only based on assumptions and not factual information. On the contrary, the benefits of the device are validated by real life examples therefore full body scanners are largely beneficial. References Gartner M., Heyl M., Holstein A. and Thewalt A. What can the ‘naked’ scanner really see? Bild. 22 July 2010. Web. 8 April 2014 Tessler, Joelle. Airport full-body scanners have benefits, and limits. The Denver Post. 31 December 2009. Web. 8 April 2014 Transportation Security Administration, TSA. Advanced Imaging Technology (AIT). 12 February 2014. Web. 8 April 2014 Source document

Social Inequality essayEssay Writing Service

Social Inequality essayEssay Writing Service Social Inequality essay Social Inequality essayAffirmative action policies and programs are measures taken to create equal opportunities within employment and education. They are intended to prevent or decrease discrimination based on the applicants’ origin, gender, religion, race etc. Among the measures of affirmative action there are outreach campaigns, employee support programs, targeted recruitment policies and so on. All of them are meant to guarantee that public institutions provide equal opportunities for equally qualified people. However, affirmative actions is a subject of controversy because racial and gender quotas often create a counter effect of reverse discrimination.No society can be free from discrimination because despite constitutional rights and freedoms people are born with different abilities and talents. Another thing is that there can be a biased approach to people of other skin color or ethnicity. Discrimination is now more often treated as a historical fact, but inequality is not an easy thing to abolish. However, affirmative action is sometimes considered to be an inadequate medicine that treats symptoms instead of the disease.In one of the affirmative action cases, Strauder v. West Virginia, the Supreme Court explained that the Equal Protection Clause guaranteed the civil rights for all races . The Supreme Court stated that the rights enjoyed by the white were equally given to the color races. It was stated that the general government provided the protection of the civil rights in that way, whenever they should be violated. The Supreme Court underlined that according to the Equal Protection Clause similar situations were to be treated in the same way.Today, there is a continuous search of effective alternatives for affirmative action to reduce inequality in the society. Experts say, the main thing to do is to find and solve the root causes of the social problem under consideration. Still, it has been found out that at the moment there is no substitute policy to work more properly or at least as well as affirmative actio.

Beccaria essays

Beccaria essays My overall opinion is that I agree with the opinion of the author and I would support the majority of his ideas. I think that he was right when he decided that we needed to have a set idea of what punishments should fit what crime and that there needed to be some form of order when assigning the punishment. Beccarias idea that the aim of punishment should be to prevent the person from committing new crimes against others is to me very obviously a logical idea. I believe that he makes a very good argument that the punishment should be fitting to the crime, not too overdone but enough so that it leaves a lasting impression on the one who committed the act. Not only is it important to leave a lasting impression on the person who committed the crime but I believe that it is also important that an impression is left on society as a whole. People need to see what happens to someone when they commit a crime so that they have that idea or fear that the same punishment would be given to them if they were to commit a crime that is similar or the same. I think that it is important to punish a person in a way that it will show them what they did was wrong and that they will lose certain liberties that they enjoy due to the behavior that they have presented. Whether those liberties are in a financial means, such as a fine, their freedom, such as life in prison, or loss of the normal life they have become accustomed to, freedoms like the ability to go where they please when they please. I think that Beccaria says it perfectly in the line the disadvantage of the punishment should exceed the advantage anticipated from the crime, in which excess should be calculated the certainty of punishment and the loss of the expected benefit. My opinion is that he was right on with this idea; I completely agree that the punishment shouldnt be overly severe if the crime was not that severe, but that the punishment definitely needs to ...

Letter from Birmingham Jail by Martin Luther King Essay

Letter from Birmingham Jail by Martin Luther King - Essay Example The letter reveals the black leaders concur with the negotiations through the cities such as Southland continued to receive attacks by white racists. The acts of the group were untimely which gave the racial proliferations to continue in Birmingham and other cities. The differential tone of the letter is addressed by Martin reiterations about Negro injustices and impatience with the racial policies. Martin reveals even children know that white people discriminate against blacks. He wrote, â€Å"Daddy why do white people treat colored people so mean†.The period of endurance ran out for Martin and all black people who were on the receiving end. The movement wanted to confront the state of discrimination head one without thinking about the obvious repercussions. The writing also reveals that the differential Supreme laws irked Martin, which only required strict adherence by blacks and excluding the whites. Some of the laws were directed at the minority communities that consisted of black people. Heis discontented by the differential church actions that do not support the course of justice for all. The differential tone in Martin Luther King Jr. was inspired by social discrimination and segregation of blacks. The letter targets white church and political leaders in Birmingham who contributed to the success of segregation. The resolve to engage in direct action and to assert that the blacks have run out of patience supports the differential tone of the letter. He is quick use the term ‘Negroes’ in all his forceful addresses to the clergymen.

Business Research Individual Work 1 Week 8 Essay

Business Research Individual Work 1 Week 8 - Essay Example Lastly, there was the stratum for the 100 taxi drivers in each of the major company who were to be interviewed. Random sampling was used in each of the strata mentioned above for example for choosing the countries, cities, taxi companies and lastly for the taxi drivers. There was no specified order for choosing any of the categories above and hence an assumption that the interviewers chose the kth item in each stratum is used. This sampling method not only simplifies the whole sampling method in the large population as well as reduces the expenses of having to travel to different places or collect unnecessarily large information. The fact that there are diverse drivers also makes the information collected generalizable (Zikmund, Babin, Carr and Griffin, 2012). The population in this case study was the taxi drivers because they were the ones whose information was being sought and who formed the basis for the whole research. However, in order to get the information from the taxi drivers but ensure the information was generalizable as well as was accurate and reliable, it was necessary to work harder. The taxi drivers had to be found in different countries which meant not only choosing the countries but the cities as well. Since the number of interviews to be conducted were many, it was necessary to find a taxi company with large number of drivers than the provided approximate of 100 drivers in each company so that they can be randomly chosen. The sample in the case was the number of the taxi drivers in each major taxi company which is 100 specified in the case study. The 100 taxi drivers were declared the sample because they were the ones who were to participate directly in the interviews for the research being carried out. The sampling method as mentioned above is the stratified sampling technique which is under the probability sampling methods because it is purely based on probability and not on judgment of the